Skin changes are among the most visible signs of aging. The process of aging affects the skin in multiple ways. The epidermis thins and turnover rate slows dramatically, even though the number of cell layers remains unchanged. The number of…
Light therapy has been used for several years to treat injuries in humans. But it’s not only homo sapiens that benefits from its healing properties. Veterinarians have found that using red and infrared LED light therapy has produced very good…
A spider bite, also known as arachnidism, is an injury resulting from the bite of a spider. The effects of most bites are not serious. Most bites result in mild symptoms around the area of the bite. Southern Africa has…
Tension headaches are the most common type of headache. Stress and muscle tension are often factors in these headaches. Approximately 50% of adults experience tension headaches at least every month, and about 1 in 30 adults experience chronic tension headaches…
Endothelial cells line the inside of every blood vessel in the body. They form a one-cell-thick layer called the endothelium, which is also found on the inner walls of the heart chambers and lymphatic vessels, which carry excess blood plasma…
Adenosine triphosphate, also known as ATP, is a molecule that carries energy within cells. It is the main energy currency of the cell, and it is an end product of the processes of photophosphorylation (adding a phosphate group to a…
A stretch mark is a type of scar that develops when our skin stretches or shrinks quickly. The abrupt change causes the collagen and elastin, which support our skin, to rupture. As the skin heals, stretch marks may appear. Not…
Mastitis is an inflammation of breast tissue that sometimes involves an infection. The inflammation results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness. You might also have fever and chills. Mastitis most commonly affects women who are breastfeeding (lactation mastitis). But…
Sinuses are pockets of air behind your nose, cheekbones, eyes, and forehead. They are lined with cells that produce mucus, which traps foreign substances like allergens, irritants, and viruses. Normally, these invaders are carried out of the body through the…
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels, formed in the earlier stage of vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis continues the growth of the vasculature by processes of sprouting and splitting. Recognition that control of angiogenesis could…
